Hysterosalpingography is primarily used to examine women who have difficulty becoming pregnant by allowing the radiologist to evaluate the shape and structure of the uterus, the openness of the fallopian tubes, and any scarring within the peritoneal cavity.

The procedure can be used to investigate repeated miscarriages that result from congenital abnormalities of the uterus and to determine the presence and severity of these abnormalities, including:

* tumor masses
* adhesions
* uterine fibroids

Hysterosalpingography is also used to evaluate the openness of the fallopian tubes, and to monitor the effects of tubal surgery, including:

* blockage of the fallopian tubes due to infection or scarring
* tubal ligation
* the closure of the fallopian tubes in a sterilization procedure and a sterilization reversal
* the re-opening of the fallopian tubes following a sterilization or disease-related blockage